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We previously isolated the human LIMK2 gene and identified two alternative transcripts, LIMK2a and LIMK2b, which were differentially regulated in a tissue-specific manner. To examine this differential tissue-specific expression in detail, an RNase protection assay was performed, which demonstrated three expression patterns of the LIMK2 isoforms. In digestive organs, the LIMK2a transcripts were preferentially...
The Vβ 8.1 promoter is regulated by T-cell-specific and ubiquitous transcription factors, which bind immediately upstream of and inside the core promoter region. The various Vβ promoters contain two conserved elements, a cAMP responsive element (CRE) located upstream of the core promoter and a basal initiator flanked by two regulatory motifs. Here we have studied the interplay between the distal enhancer...
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 is one of two homologous proteins responsible for the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid, the most ubiquitous inhibitory neurotransmitter. In order to characterize the DNA elements responsible for controlling GAD65 expression, we cloned the 5' flanking region of the rat GAD65 gene. A major, proximal and a minor, distal region of transcription initiation were located...
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate critical functions in many species. The majority of novel NRs have hitherto been cloned from cDNA libraries by virtue of their homology to previously identified receptors. In this study, we validate a genomic DNA-based approach to isolating NRs by cloning the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARα) gene from the genome...
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α)-specific primers using total RNA from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated lung macrophages resulted in the amplification of two distinct cDNA fragments. Cloning and sequencing of the canine and feline fragments revealed that, except for the absence of a specific 174 nucleotide sequence, the short and the long...
Olfactory receptors of the OR37 subfamily are characterized by distinct sequence features and are expressed in neurons segregated in a restricted area of the olfactory epithelium. In the present study, we have characterized the complement of OR37-like genes in the mouse. Five OR37-like genes were identified. They reside within only 60kb of DNA on chromosome 4. About 70kb distant from this cluster,...
The transcription factor YY1 is a complex protein that is involved in repressing and activating a diverse number of promoters. Numerous studies have attempted to understand how this one factor can act both as a repressor and an activator in such a wide set of different contexts. The fact that YY1 interacts with a number of key regulatory proteins (e.g. TBP, TFIIB, TAFII55, Sp1, and E1A) has suggested...
In fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, deficiency of ras1 gene causes an abnormal cell shape and abolishes mating ability. However, target genes of this signaling pathway are largely unknown because of the lack of an appropriate analysis system. To overcome this problem, we have started a novel project to categorize entire genes based on their expression levels under different growth conditions...
We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 5544bp genomic DNA fragment from Aspergillus nidulans that encodes DNA topoisomerase II (topo II). It contains a single open reading frame of 4740bp that codes for 1579 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 178kDa; when expressed in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae the molecular weight was 180kDa. The gene (TOP2) is divided...
The cDNA encoding sheep ceruloplasmin (sCP) was isolated from a sheep liver cDNA library. The cDNA contig was 3530 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein of 1048 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of conservation (87%) when compared to the human ceruloplasmin (hCP) sequence. Northern blot analysis of sheep tissue revealed that the sheep ceruloplasmin gene (sCP)...
The complete DNA sequence of the Lactobacillus (Lb.) gasseri temperate phage φadh was determined. The linear and double-stranded genome consists of 43.785bp with a G+C content of 35.3% and 3' protruding cohesive ends of 12nt. Sixty-two possible ORFs were identified. On the basis of homology comparisons, some of them could be assigned to possible functions, such as a helicase, a nucleic acid polymerase...
cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) is composed of two catalytic (α and β) and two identical inhibitory (γ) subunits. The human gene (PDE6D) encoding a new subunit (δ) has been characterized and mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2 (HSA2q35-q36) where a new autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) locus (RP26) has been localized. Characterization of the canine PDE6D shows the gene is about 4.2kb...
Nm23 is a gene family encoding different isoforms of the nucleotide diphosphate kinase (NDPK), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates.In the present study, the organization and expression of the nm23-M1 gene encoding the mouse NDPKA isoform are described. This gene is about 10kb long and composed of five exons. The organization and the exon-intron boundaries are strictly conserved...
To identify sequence variation associated with a selection response for heat tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster, we sequenced 1400bp of the heat shock protein 23 gene (hsp23) promoter region in four heat-selected and two control lines. The region was found to be variable for a specific (CATA) repeated sequence, and the sequence CTT seems to be a hot spot for mutation. The repeated tetranucleotide...
Drosophila melanogaster has two Na + ,K + -ATPase β subunit genes (Nervana 1 and 2; Nrv), with tissue-specific expression patterns. Nrv1 produces a single β subunit isoform expressed primarily in muscle tissue, whereas Nrv2 codes for two different isoforms (2.1 and 2.2) expressed in the nervous system. We have determined the complete molecular genomic organization for both Nrv genes...
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